This doctoral research has focused on the feasibility of manufacturing adequate scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering through the technique of 3D plotting micro-extruded filaments of biodegradable thermoplastics. Two aspects were addressed, the foremost of which encompasses the production and evaluation of poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for the replacement of arteries and heart valve cusps. Scaffolds with different geometries were created and their relevant mechanical properties were compared to those of the equivalent natural tissue. To improve their cell-interactive properties, a method was developed for coating the PCL parts with collagen. In a second aspect, the expansion of this production technique to the micro-extrusion for 3D plotting of thermally sensitive polymers like poly-(lactic acid) (PLA) was considered. A finite element model of the conventional dispense head for thermoplastics revealed that its thermoregulation was unsuitable for the processing of PLA-based polymers, which were found to degrade significantly during their residence time inside the dispense head. Hence, a new dispense head named COMET (COntinuous Modular Extrusion of Thermoplastics) was developed to reduce thermal loading of the polymer during processing. COMET was found to be a functional device with a much improved thermoregulation, which will allow for the reliable extrusion of thermally sensitive polymers.